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Fissure Sealants
Fissures are deep pits and grooves found on the chewing surfaces of the back teeth (molars and premolars). These fissures are often too narrow for toothbrush bristles to clean effectively, providing an ideal environment for bacteria to thrive and potentially cause tooth decay. Fissure sealants are a preventive dental treatment used to protect these vulnerable areas from cavities and decay.
How Do Fissure Sealants Work?
Fissure sealants are special dental materials that are applied to the pits and grooves of teeth to form a protective barrier. By sealing these fissures, sealants prevent bacteria, sugars, and starches from coming into contact with the enamel and causing decay. This protection is particularly important for the molars and premolars, as these teeth are more prone to developing cavities due to their complex surface structure.
Why Are Fissure Sealants Important?
The deep grooves in the back teeth can be difficult to clean with regular brushing. Over time, food particles and bacteria can accumulate in these areas, leading to tooth decay. By applying dental sealants, the risk of decay is significantly reduced, helping to keep your teeth healthy for longer. Sealants are especially beneficial for children and teenagers whose permanent molars are still erupting and have yet to experience any decay.
How Are Fissure Sealants Applied?
Applying fissure sealants is a quick and painless process that requires no drilling. Here's how the procedure works:
- Cleaning the Tooth: The tooth surface is thoroughly cleaned to remove any food particles or plaque.
- Preparation: The tooth is then treated and dried, ensuring that the surface is ready for the sealant.
- Sealant Application: The sealant material is applied to the grooves of the tooth. The material flows into the fissures, filling them to create a smooth surface.
- Hardening: The sealant hardens, forming a protective coating over the tooth and preventing decay.
The entire procedure is generally quick, taking only about 15–20 minutes per tooth, and requires no anaesthesia or discomfort.
How Effective Are Fissure Sealants?
Studies have shown that fissure sealants are highly effective in preventing tooth decay in the grooves of molars and premolars. Sealants can prevent up to 80% of cavities in the treated area during the first two years after application. With proper care and regular maintenance, the sealants can be as effective as traditional amalgam fillings.
It’s important to have sealants checked and maintained during regular dental visits. Sealants can wear down over time due to regular use of the teeth, but they can easily be repaired or replaced during routine check-ups.
How Long Do Fissure Sealants Last?
A well-applied fissure sealant can last for several years, with studies showing that they can last as long as typical dental fillings. Regular check-ups will help ensure that the sealant is still intact and effective. If any wear or damage occurs, the dentist can repair or replace the sealant, ensuring continued protection against decay.
When Should Fissure Sealants Be Applied?
Fissure sealants are most effective when applied as soon as the tooth erupts before decay has a chance to develop. Ideally, sealants should be placed on the permanent molars once they come through, usually around the age of six or seven. Sealants can also be applied to the molars and premolars of older children and adults, as long as the teeth are free from decay and the enamel is sound.
Early application helps to seal the fissures before they come into contact with bacteria or decay-causing food particles, offering long-term protection.
Who Should Consider Fissure Sealants?
- Children and teenagers: Sealants are especially beneficial for young children whose permanent molars are just coming through. They are also effective for adolescents who may be at a higher risk of tooth decay.
- Adults with deep grooves: Adults who have deep fissures in their molars or premolars and are at risk for decay can also benefit from sealant treatment.
- Patients with a history of cavities: Those with a history of frequent cavities or poor oral hygiene may benefit from the added protection of fissure sealants.
